|
Name
of disease
|
Malaria
|
|
Name of causative agent
|
Plasmodium parasite
|
|
Type of microbe
|
Eukaryote
|
|
If
Bacterial:
|
The bacteria that causes Malaria is called Plasmodium
|
|
·
Gram-reaction
|
Typically, smears for malarial parasites are stained
using the same stains as for blood smears. They are not bacteria, they are
intracellular parasites.
|
|
·
Cell
shape and arrangement
|
Transportation
into the cell, secretion, diffusion and reproduction. Cell shape is rod like.
(Malaria
is an acute febrile illness)
|
|
If
Eukaryotic:
|
Protozoa
There are four different species ; Plasmodium falciparum,
Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malaria
|
|
·
Multicellular
or Unicellular
|
Unicellular
(acellular intracellular parasites)
Egg sac ruptures and releases cells called sporozoites which travel to
the salivary glands. Sporozites enter the bloodstream with mosquito bite and
travel to the liver. Then
develops in liver cells, which change form and invade red blood cells.
|
|
If
Viral:
|
Cardiovascular &
Lymphatic disease - Parasitic Disease
|
|
·
Naked
or Enveloped
|
Malaria is a vector-borne
infectious disease caused by a eukaryotic protist of the immune system's
ability to fight viral
infection.
|
|
·
Formation
of Provirus
|
parasitic infection on the development of a
lymphotropic virus
|
|
Epidemiology:
|
|
|
·
Geographic
Prevalence
|
Over
100 countries with tropical and subtropical regions are affected; Africa,
South & Central America, Hispaniola, Oceania, Asia & the Middle East
|
|
·
Average
rates of infection
|
R=0 no. Zero. N/A – Infection very possible if a
person visits a country with malarious areas, having had no anti-malarial
drugs beforehand
|
|
·
Reservoir(s)
|
Humans,
Anopheles mosquitoes, animals such as monkeys and birds
|
|
·
Main
transmission mode(s)
|
Bite
from a female Anopheles mosquito causes infected saliva to enter the
bloodstream and multiply
|
|
Pathology:
|
|
|
·
Major
tissues/organs affected
|
Brain,
Lungs, Kidneys, Placenta and other tissues.
|
|
·
Major
signs/symptoms
|
Anaemia,
pain in joints, fever, chills, nausea and flu like symptoms. Light
headed, shortness of breath and in severe cases death.
|
|
·
Sequalae
|
Lack of information on duration of disease sequalae such as anaemia
and for
Neurological disorders due
to complicated malaria.
|
|
·
Latency
|
7 days or more, usually 10-15 days
|
|
Treatment:
|
|
|
·
Main
treatment methods
|
Uncomplicated
Malaria:
Quinine followed by Doxycycline, Clindamycin or Sulfadoxine with
Pyrimethamine
Severe Malaria: Quinine
administered intravenously directly into the bloodstream
|
|
·
Typical
length of treatment
|
Varies, dependant on the area in which the patient
became infected, the type of malaria, severity of illness and also any
complications.
|
|
·
Prophylactic
measures
|
Research the
country you are visiting beforehand to establish if the area is malarious,
take anti-malarial drugs such as Chloroquine or Proguanil before during and
after the visit, use insect repellent containing DEET (diethyltoluamide),
cover exposed skin, sleep under a bed net and sleep in an air conditioned
room
|
No comments:
Post a Comment